The calcination process involves placing raw "green" petroleum coke into rotary kilns to heat it. This removes volatile material, purifies the coke for further...

In order to meet demanding service applications, offshore structures have to withstand severe loads and harsh environments. This requires steels with low sulfur...

Calcium treatment is a process that modifies the composition and morphology of oxide inclusions. It is especially useful for avoiding nozzle clogging in continu...

The size, number and morphology of inclusions strongly affect the damage behaviour in hot-deformed AHSS grades by creating privileged locations for crack nuclea...

Electrical conductivity is the ability of a material to carry electric current. Metals such as copper and aluminum are highly conductive and are used in electri...

Calcium treatment is an effective way to modify oxide inclusions into low melting temperature inclusions that do not cause clogging problems. [21]Figure 1.7 sho...

Ca is added to improve fluidity, cleanliness and surface quality of steel. It also reduces gas content and prevents nozzle blockage during casting.Inclusions we...

Malleability is the ability of a metal to be deformed under stress without breaking. It is a critical property in metals because it allows them to be easily sha...

Adding metallic calcium can greatly reduce the number and size of inclusions in welding rod steel. In addition, it can also improve the equiaxed microstructure...

In steel production, calcium desulfurization is a key process in terms of quality and cost. This is particularly important in the BOF process.Carbide treatment...