Calcium treatment is an effective way to modify oxide inclusions into low melting temperature inclusions that do not cause clogging problems. [21]Figure 1.7 sho...

Ca is added to improve fluidity, cleanliness and surface quality of steel. It also reduces gas content and prevents nozzle blockage during casting.Inclusions we...

Malleability is the ability of a metal to be deformed under stress without breaking. It is a critical property in metals because it allows them to be easily sha...

Adding metallic calcium can greatly reduce the number and size of inclusions in welding rod steel. In addition, it can also improve the equiaxed microstructure...

In steel production, calcium desulfurization is a key process in terms of quality and cost. This is particularly important in the BOF process.Carbide treatment...

Thermal expansion is a property of all materials that changes with temperature. When a material's temperature increases, it expands; when the temperature decrea...

Calcium treatment has become a widely used steelmaking technology. One of its earliest applications involved avoiding nozzle clogging in continuous casting; cal...

Alloy steel is a cornerstone of modern industries, with its remarkable properties and adaptability driving progress across many sectors. It’s made of iron...

Calcium additions increase fluidity of the liquid steel, reduce oxide inclusions and modify their composition and shape. This makes steel much more isotropic, i...

Calcium refining agents play a key role in the steel industry. They can scavenge oxygen and sulfur, increase the fluidity of molten steel, and control non-metal...