The ceramics industry relies on calcined Petroleum Coke as a raw material. It is used in the production and manufacture of graphite electrodes, which are integral components of the EAF (electrical arc furnace) when producing silicon carbide. The calcination of carbon raw materials removes volatile matter and alters their molecular shape. The raw materials are also made more electrically conductive. This leads to a better product, at a lower price.
In recent years, the global market for green petroleum coke and calcined petrolcoke has seen significant growth. Many companies focus on expanding operations through entering new markets, signing agreements with other businesses and investing in R&D. This expansion is predicted to increase the demand for calcined Petroleum Coke in the coming years.
Currently, the majority of calcined petroleum coke is used in primary aluminum production as pre-baked carbon anodes for the smelting process. It is used in many other metallurgical fields, such as ferroalloy and steel production. The calcination increases coke's density and removes the volatile hydrocarbons. This leads to a lower melting temperature and an improvement in the conductivity of the anode. The calcined petroleum is also used to make titanium dioxide pigments which are used widely in paints and other dyes.
The calcination takes place inside a rotary oven lined with high temperature refractory brick. The kiln is heated to between 1200 and 1350 degrees Celsius, which allows the coke to undergo a thermal pyrolysis reaction with carbon monoxide to form a carbonaceous residue. This residue is cooled below 1000 degrees Celsius to become calcined oil coke.
As a consequence, the calcination procedure increases density and decreases viscosity. It becomes easier to handle. In addition, the calcination process also increases the thermal stability of the material. This is especially important when producing graphite electrodes. The high temperatures of the graphite furnace may cause the raw material to crack and spall.
Fuel grade petroleum coke is also used in power and cement kilns, which require a high calorific value. It is predicted that increased power and cement production in emerging economies will increase demand for fuel grade petroleum coke.
The calcination method can be tailored for specific applications. For example, it can be adjusted to achieve specific reactivity levels and particle size distributions. The coke can be blended to achieve the desired results. For instance, low S, low V calcined cokes can be used in the coarser fractions of an aggregate recipe to improve the anode's density, while higher S, lower V calcined coke can be used in the ball mill fines to reduce the reactivity of the binders.
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