Anthracite Carbon for Electrode Production is a conductive substance used in electrochemical analyses and experiments. It is produced from anthracite and metallurgical or petroleum coke that has a low amount of ash as the raw materials. The raw ingredients are mixed and then pressed. They are then slowly roasted inside the roasting chamber. The finished product consists of a graphite cylinder. Anthracite for electrodes has excellent conductivity. It also has a high level of stability at high temperature and low impurities.
Calcinating anthracite at high temperatures will improve its performance as electrode material. This can be achieved by any of the known calcining methods, such as the Acheson or pot calcination or gas calcination in a rotary kiln. This improvement will allow the anthracite to form a porous structure with more voids that can absorb Na+ ions, which is critical for the anode performance.
The electrode mix is allowed to include any conventional binder up to 30% by weight. This may also include a very small amount of very fine petrol coke flour, up to a maximum of 55% by weight. The coal particles used in the electrode mixture are typically between 3 and 10 mesh.
The electrodes are shaped to be green and have a maximum initial capacity of 170mAhg-1. They also can maintain a charge rate up to 850mAhg-1. This capability is more than the capacities assigned to hard graphite in regions I and II. The anthracite capacities in region 1 are lower due to the Na+-ion adsorption. Anthracite is still able to be enhanced through calcination, allowing it to perform better than hard graphite. This can be achieved by adjusting the calcining conditions, such as the calcination temperature and the calcination time. The ideal calcination depends on the intended application of the carbon anthracite. For example, if the anthracite carbon is used as an anode in a battery, the calcination temperature should be at least 1000 deg C. This will help to ensure that the anode can be charged and discharged rapidly without damaging the cell. To determine the best calcination temperatures for the anthracite, tests can be conducted to measure the maximum performance of the anode. A kinetic study is also possible to measure energy dissipation during charging and discharge. This information is useful in predicting how the anode will behave during normal operation. The results can also help optimize the calcination process to get the best quality anode. This will maximise the capacity and efficiency of the battery as well the anode.
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