Anthracite with low moisture content is a high-grade coal which has been heated above its burning point in order to remove volatiles such as water, gases and tar. A high-carbon content and low-ash content make this a favorite carbon additive among steel and aluminum producers. It also serves as an efficient substitute for coke in the production of ferroalloys and silicon metals. The global market for calcined alumina is set to experience significant growth in revenue over the course of the forecast period. This market is being driven by strong steel production and demand for carbon additives. By 2022, the market will reach USD 3,38 billion. The market will continue to grow due to the growing demand for lightweight material in both the aerospace and automotive industries.
Shaft calciners are also used in the manufacture of calcined anthracite. In China, the former method is still used but is being increasingly replaced by rotary kilns. The latter is a more modern design that offers greater productivity and efficiency.
The rotary kiln method involves feeding raw anthracite through a rotating hopper, where it is heated to a predetermined temperature. Heat generated by the calcination is collected in a waste heat recuperation steam generator. This heat can then be sold or used to generate electricity. Anthracite calcinated has a lower moisture content than RAW. Low moisture content reduces ignition risk and increases electrical conductivity in calcined alumina.
Both ways of producing anthracite calcined have pros and cons. The shaft calciner is more expensive and requires large energy investments, while producing a higher quality of anthracite. In contrast, the rotary Kiln costs less to run, but it produces more anthracite.
The coal is dense, hard and contains a lot of carbon. Natural resistance to oxidation makes it a good raw material when producing steel or other metals. The superior quality of calcined ahnthracite makes it more valuable than most other coal products. It also has less ash, sulfur and moisture than conventional coal. This increases its value in applications requiring high purity and consistency, like the manufacture of metal alloys.
The major companies operating in the calcined anthracite industry include Shanxi Hongqiqu New Material Co. Ltd, RHEINFELDEN CARBON GMBH, Ningxia Hengtai Carbons Co. Ltd, Dev Energy, Zhengzhou Xinhua Raw Materials Technology Co. Ltd, Hebei Shengsa Carbon Manufacture Trading Co. Ltd, and Gansu Yuanda New Resources Co. Ltd. The players compete by introducing new products, forming strategic alliances and collaborations, merging and acquiring, etc. Also, mining companies have been contacted to assure a stable supply of raw athanacite.
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