Calcined Petroleum Coke is a high purity carbon material. This is made by heating it to remove moisture and other impurities. The result is an increase in electrical conductivity. This fossil fuel helps to create titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide is a mineral used in many products, including paints, food colors, sunscreens, plastics and more. Titanium oxide is made by exposing TiO2 in the presence chlorine gas to UV radiation. The resultant TiCl4 is then distilled into pure titanium dioxide. The calcined coke used to produce titanium dioxide must be free from contaminants that could affect the purity and quality. This includes heavy metals, nitrogen oxides, or sulfur.
The most common method of producing calcined PETCOKE is through coal-based reactors. Coal-based calciners use a series of fluidized bed reactors to convert bituminous coal into coke by thermal decomposition at temperatures in excess of 1500C. This decomposition is carried out in a continuous loop and results in a mixture of liquid and gaseous phase. By heating the mixture up to 1000C, a liquid substance resembling tar is formed. This liquid substance is then separated from the solid form of carbon. The tarlike substance is converted by distillation into anhydrous hydrogen, which is crude petroleum coke (or "green coke").
The calcination of rutile based titanium dioxide involves feeding raw coke and rutile to a reactor and reacting them with a gas mix consisting 2 grams per hour of He. The coke is removed at 180 and 300 minutes during the reaction to collect the solids entrained in the coke that are not contaminated by water-soluble metal chlorides. Entrained solids are weighed before and after calcination.
There are two main types: sponge and anode grade calcined oil coke. The anode grade petcoke used in the production of pre-baked, anode and coal paste for aluminum smelting is low in sulfur. Sponge coke has a black, spherical and coherent appearance. This type of coke tends to be less expensive and more plentiful than anode grade coke.
Most of the calcined oil coke is consumed by the primary aluminum industries. Steel and chemical companies also use it as a recarburizer or to make titanium dioxide pigments. Other applications include fuels, brick and glasses, paper, fertilizer, and graphite electrodes. North America as well as Europe and Asia should be the main markets for calcined Petroleum Coke in 2029. This commodity's market growth is predicted to be driven in these regions by increasing economic investment in the infrastructure and an increase in production of aluminium.
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