Petrol coke is produced as a byproduct during oil refining. The substance, which is black and solid with high heat specificity but low vaporization pressure, has many uses. It can be used in carbon and graphite products, as well as in steel manufacturing. This fuel is also used in the production of power plants. Production of calcined Petroleum Coke is a complex process that requires special equipment and processes. This includes a shaft calciner and a rotary-kiln. Calcinating involves heating coke up to 1200 degrees Fahrenheit. The resultant coke has increased density and stability, as well as improved properties. Also, it can be used to smelt carbon and for the production of titanium dioxide.
Calcined petroleum coal (CPC) can be produced by heating green petrol coke in a rotary or spiral calciner at temperatures greater than 1,200degF over a period of 4-6 hours. In essence, the volatile substances in the coal are destroyed and the only particles left behind have a High Hardgrove Grindability Index. CPC requires a lot of energy to produce, so it is shipped in specialized containers. This prevents the coke's degradation during transport.
Due to increased iron and steel manufacturing in Asia Pacific developing countries (particularly Asia Pacific), the market for calcined coke is on the rise. The increase in construction spending is also driving the market. The volatile crude oil price is the biggest challenge for this industry.
The coke undergoes a calcination process in which it is heated under an atmosphere devoid of oxygen to eliminate volatile material and stabilise its physical properties. The coke is then cooled and the finished product forms. Temperature and calcination time affect its mechanical and electrical properties. Reactivity also decreases. This complex process involves a range of variables including heating rates and air additions.
It is true that calcining can't improve on the limitations inherent in green coke. However, it does allow for a number of different carbon products to be created. They include activated carbon, graphite brushes and carbon electrodes. In the chemical sector, it is used as a carbon-black pigment in paints and inks. Also, it is under investigation as a source of fuel for cells.
Burning fuel-grade petcoke in refinery boilers produces steam which is used by other industries. Alternative to natural gases, it can help reduce energy costs. Also, it is studied as potential fuel for fuel cell generators that produce electricity via a chemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen. Coke in its calcined state is used to produce aluminum and steel.
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