Electric arc (EAF) furnaces are used for melting iron scrap during the steelmaking processes. Graphite electrodes, which conduct electricity and heat, are an essential component of this type of furnace. They are used for a very long time in EAFs due to their high conductivity, low expansion rate and adequate mechanical strength. They melt scrap at 1600 degrees Celsius. However, because of their harsh working environment, they suffer a variety damage including erosions, oxidations, sublimations and deterioration that ultimately reduces their life expectancy.
Surface morphology can be a very important factor in determining the lifespan of an electrode. If an electrode's top surface is porous then oxygen can penetrate it, causing early oxidation. This may result in a shorter life expectancy and increased production costs.
Researchers have tried a variety of coatings to improve the quality and durability of graphite electrodes in order reduce this problem. The results of this effort are promising but the effectiveness is yet to be proven. The performance of graphite electrodes is also dependent on the quality and craftsmanship of the raw materials. The use of low-quality materials can increase the consumption of electrodes.
Moreover, the rough surfaces of electrodes are prone for abrasions due to the frequent bombardment with high-speed electronic arcs. 80% of the arc's electrons are concentrated on the anode area, which means this part is exposed the highest temperatures.
It is therefore important to develop ways to increase the durability of electrodes made of graphite to minimize erosive wear and maximize their life expectancy. Among the most effective methods is to apply a protective coating on the electrode surface.
Resonac Group has a dominant market share in China. They are known for producing high-quality graphite electrodes with large diameters. The company's products can be found in many different fields such as metal melting, non-ferrous production, power generation, oil-gas extraction, etc. The company's commitment is to provide its customers with innovative services and products to help achieve their goals.
It is difficult for China to produce steel with EAFs due to the high cost, especially of graphite. With China's increased focus on carbon-reduction, it is expected EAF production to become more prevalent. This will boost demand for EAFs and graphite electrodes.
Pitch Needle Coke (PNC) is the main raw materials used to manufacture graphite electrodes. This is an oil-refining by-product that is used to produce alternative energy sources. It is an essential raw material for Lithium ion batteries that are used in Electric Vehicles. This has led to a recent drop in the price of these electrodes. This has opened the doors for Indian graphite manufacturers to take advantage of this opportunity.
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