Anthracite, a carbon source essential to modern industry, is one the most important in metallurgy. Without it, there would have never been an Industrial Revolution. Anthracite has a lower ratio of volatile matter than bituminous, and a higher content of fixed coal. It's also less toxic than other types of coal, since it doesn't emit many harmful substances.
Anthracite, in addition to being a fuel, is also used to make metallurgical coal, which is then compressed into briquettes that are used in rotary furnaces and kilns for the smelting of steel and iron. Iron and steel are also produced using anthracite as a reduction agent. Its high content of fixed carbon combined with its low volatile content makes this a good material for use in metallurgical processes.
This type of coal can be found in several countries. It is the lowest grade of coal, but it has the highest fixed carbon content and energy content and the least impurities (moisture, ash and volatiles). High Grade anthracite is harder and has a higher relative density than standard grade anthracite. It is semi-metallic in luster and has a brown reflection.
Anthracite of high quality can be substituted for coal in rotary ovens. It can be milled to particle sizes of 50-80 Microns and is used in calcination as a raw material. The unique crystalline structure of this material increases thermal conductivity, reducing heat loss and improving efficiency.
The main chemical groups in coal that comprise the carbon skeleton include aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic. These can be identified in the 13C NMR spectra of coal by the shape and position of the peaks that correspond to these groups. The spectral data can be used to determine the anthracite's composition, including the proportions of aromatic and aliphatic carbon.
The physical properties of anthracite are highly valued. Anthracite is superior in terms of its stiffness, resistance to environmental stress cracking and antistatic qualities. Anthracite also has a lower vapour pressure than other carbons, making it easier to handle. Non-combustibility is another advantage, especially for metallurgical use. Due to these factors, anthracite has become increasingly popular in metallurgical fillers. Anthracite fillers are lighter than other materials, but still maintain strength and stiffness. They also have an antistatic property on the surface of the finished product. The resulting material can be made more corrosion resistant by adding anthracite. This coating can also be applied to metal surfaces in order to prevent premature wear and increase their durability. It can improve both the cost and quality of metal products. Anthracite is also used to produce refractory bricks that are used in kilns, blast furnaces and kilns.
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