They are used for controlling the forward and rearward motion of engines, machines, vehicles & more. These materials are known for their high friction coefficients, and excellent wear resistance. Various types of friction materials are available, including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carbon ceramic, sintered alloys, and more. As they are used to make brakes, the automotive industry drives demand for friction material.
Anthracite can be described as a type hard, bituminous char with low ash and high heat output. It is used to make bricks with high quality. Because of its high carbon content it can also be used as an additive for glass and silicon metal. Also, anthracite can be used to produce synthetic fuels using coal gasification.
As a result of the global focus on reducing carbon dioxide and addressing the climate change, anthracite has become less popular as an alternative energy source. Solar and wind power are becoming increasingly popular. However, natural gas is becoming the preferred fuel because of its low emissions. This change has affected anthracite and fuel markets, which is why the growth of anthracite is being challenged.
In 2019, the Covid-19 virus pandemic negatively impacted vehicle production. The friction material market is expected to grow as normal production resumes. The reason for this is that automobiles require high-performance materials like PTFE and carbon ceramic to make clutch, gear, and brake components.
In addition, it is predicted that the aerospace sector will boost growth in the automotive and friction material industries. Airbus is expected in the near-future to focus on fleet growth and faster replacement of aging aircraft model, which require high-performance friction materials, such as PTFE.
To provide the automotive sector with a cost-effective, durable and sustainable brake pad material we are investigating to replace copper by advanced graphite in traditional NAO friction materials. The aim is to achieve copper-free NAO with the same performance and tribological characteristics as traditional copper-based materials.
In this research, we have prepared different types carbonaceous Composites from a variety of raw material such as ground Anthracite, metallurgical Coke, calcined Petroleum Coke and Amorphous Graphite. The results of these tests were compared to their mechanical, thermo-tribological and thermal properties. Our findings suggest anthracite as a potential candidate to replace the copper used in NAO friction materials. The CF sample, which is made up of copper-free fibers, has the highest friction coefficient average at room temperatures and the lowest at higher temperatures. A cyclic test was also conducted with the same anvil at varying temperatures to evaluate the performance of the composites. The CF specimen showed the best results in terms durability and torque capacity. The NG, AG and CF specimens had slightly higher torque capacities but lower durability.
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