The production of steel, ferroalloys including silicon carbide, ferro silicon, iron oxide and chrome (FeO) and nickel alloys require a variety of carbon-based materials. The carbon material used in the reductive process (induction, carbothermic or both) is crucial to the cost and energy consumption of the smelting operations. In order to achieve this, the producers use carbon materials with a high level consistency and purity. Calcined coal is used to produce ferroalloys because it has these properties.
Calcination refers to the heating of coke at temperatures between 1250degC-1350degC. This process removes volatiles and moisture. The resulting coke has a low sulphur and ash content. This high quality raw materials is used in the production of carbon blocks for steel melting and smelting and Soderberg pastes. The material can also be used to fuel electric smelting kilns.
GPC is produced by calcining petroleum coke, a crude oil byproduct. The calcining removes the majority of impurities in green petroleum coke, and it gives it a low sulfur and ash composition. It is primarily an additive used for aluminum smelting. However, it can also be used to fuel a wide range of industrial applications such as electric steel smelting.
Gas calcined anthracite coal is made by heating raw anthracite to a high temperature in a gas fired kiln, which results in a devolatized and semi-graphitized product. The coal is low in sulphur, volatile and high in carbon. This type coal is widely utilized in the steel sector as a fuel for the blast, ladle and electric arc smelters, as well in the recarburizing process. It can be used as fuel for electric melting and to produce injection-carbon.
Anthracite electrically calcined is a great smelting addition due to its purity and consistency. It is used by the aluminum sector to produce electrodes for pot melting, where low oxidation is needed, as is a slow degradation rate and high mechanical strength. It can also be used as a heat source in an electrothermal heater, which requires a high level of electricity conductivity.
Due to the increasing demand for aluminum and other ferrous materials, the energy efficiency of industrial ovens, and the need for better carbon materials, the global market for electrically-calcined anthracite is very promising. It is a better alternative than recarburizing compounds and can help reduce energy costs. This is mainly due to the fact that it offers a greater capacity for electrical conductivity and has a low sulphur level. This is why it is the preferred carbon material for ferroalloy and silica production. Globally, the major players include Rheinbraun Brennstoff GmbH as well as Elkem. Asbury Carbons and Wanboda Carbons & Graphite are also important.
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