In place of coke, anthracite can be used to produce ferrous alloys. Due to its low sulfur and ash content, it is a carbon additive that metal manufacturers prefer. It is also an environmentally sustainable alternative to petroleum coke, as it reduces carbon emissions and helps achieve emission reduction goals. It also has a high electrical and thermal conductivity that allows it to used for making carbon products, such as those found in electric melting furnaces.
Anthracite is usually heat treated in a gas- or electric-fired furnace. This process, known as calcination, removes volatile components from the coal. This process also improves its physical and chemical properties making it perfect for ferrous alloys. The calcined anthracite can be used as a substitute for petroleum coke in the production of aluminum and steel. It is also used for anode production in the aluminium sector.
Market growth is projected to be significant for the global calcined iron alloys industry over the period of forecast. This growth is primarily driven by the steel and carbon industries. Globally, the demand for steel of high quality is growing due to an increase in automobiles and heavy machinery. The carbon products industry is also expected to grow substantially due to a growing demand for clean energy and fuel cells.
To create calcined anthracite, anthracite coal is heated at a temperature of about 1200 degrees Celsius to remove the volatile components. Amorphous carbon material, with low sulfur and high ash is created by cooling the anthracite coal. This is a preferred carbon additive for the ferrous industries because it has similar properties as graphite, but at a lower price.
The main use of calcined anthracite in steel making is as a carburizing agent. It is used to create a variety alloys, such as iron and nickel. This is used to produce ferronickel which can then reduce to either metallic nickel, or iron. This calcined material is essential for maintaining a high level of efficiency and consistency during smelting.
A wide range of applications for calcined anthracite are found in the mining, hydroelectricity, water treatment and metallurgy industries. The pozzolanic properties of calcined anthracite are highly beneficial in construction. It can also be used to strengthen and increase the durability of cement mortar. It can be added to cement for a more consistent and stronger mortar. Concrete can use it to decrease the permeability and improve its strength.
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