Anthracite is a hard form of coal, darker than bituminous coal and lighter than lignite or peat. The coal is very environmentally friendly, with a carbon content of up to 80-90%, a lower ash level, and generating more heat than any other type. Anthracite is a coal that produces little to no fumes. The ash content (depending the grade) can be as low as 9%.
Anthracitization refers to the process by which natural metamorphosed bituminous coke transforms into anthracite. Anthracitization is a process whereby natural metamorphosed coal transforms from bituminous coal to anthracite by heating it in the presence carbonaceous add-ons such as alcohol, kerosene and ammonia. This can be done without using any carbonaceous additives. Anthracitization occurs when the anthracite is exposed to heat and high pressure over a long period of time. The anthracitization process can be triggered by volcanic eruptions as well as tectonic compression, such that occurs when mountains are being built.
Anthracite traditionally is used to produce heat and electricity in industrial processes including power generation. Anthracite comes in three different grades, standard (used in power stations), high grade (HG) anthracite and ultra-high quality, which are both used in the industry of metallurgy. A high-grade anthracite fuel can also be used as a purifier of water or for heating in the home.
The use of anthracite as a permanent filtration medium can be made in water treatment systems. Because of its low permeability it ensures the water stays trapped inside the media. It cannot pass through and flow back into the original source. This makes it a superior product for use in water treatment and purification systems where a permanent filter medium is required.
Anthracite's low permeability is caused by its hard, brittle structure. This allows for the pores to stay closed. Anthracite can also be chemically activated to open up its pore structure, increasing its porosity and surface area. Chemical activation involves submerging the anthracite in a solution of KOH at elevated temperatures, with the reaction varying depending on the type of KOH used and the length of time the anthracite is exposed to the KOH solution. Both longer reaction time and higher quantities of activating agent increased the specific surface of anthracite, but excessively prolonging reactions caused a reduction in surface area.
Flotation-selected anthracite samples from Dogye, Whasoon, Jangseong and Kyeongdong were subjected to a Denver flotation test using Kelosine as collector and pine oil as frother. The floatation tests showed that after Denver flotation all the raw anthracites samples had a significant decrease in their volatile content. The sample with the largest reduction was sample WS.
The anthracite filler is a good choice for Epoxide Resin. Anthracite, which is added in small amounts (usually 15% or less) to the epoxide formulation during curing can improve the mechanical properties of the resin. This can be used to replace more expensive nanocarbon fillers.
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