The petroleum coke byproduct, which is also known as raw or green petcoke and can be found in oil refineries, is produced from the refining of crude oil. This by-product is used for making graphite and carbon electrodes, as well as for aluminum smelting.
This market's growth is driven by demand in the aluminium and steel industries. The trend will continue to be the same over the next few years.
Oil coke, a by-product rich in carbon from oil refining, can be utilized as fuel and as a raw material for a variety of industrial uses. This is produced by heating heavy fractions in coker units to extremely high temperatures when refining crude oil into diesel and gasoline.
This produces large amounts of waste heat which can then be converted back into electricity. The coke used to make graphite is also an excellent source of coal that contains low levels of sulfur.
However, petroleum coke has negative impacts on human health and the environment due to its high sulphur content. On the whole, this is predicted to limit the growth of the market. Several alternative technologies and fuels are being created to lessen pet coke's harmful impacts. They include cleaner fuels, improved pollution controls, recycling and repurposing the product. The human health risk classification studies also found that emissions coming from the calcining facility do not represent a serious risk for populations near to it.
Oil refineries produce petroleum coke which is black, solid and carbonaceous. Sulfur, nitrogen, and metals are found in trace quantities. Its high energy density makes it a useful fuel for industrial processes.
The raw material is also used in the manufacture of carbon brushes and activated charcoal, which are chemical products. Fuel cells, which generate electricity via a chemical reaction, are also investigated for its potential use as fuel.
If handled in an improper manner, petcoke may form highly flammable dust clouds. As a result, it poses several safety and health hazards that must be managed. Among these hazards are explosions and fire. Dust can also cause irritation to the respiratory system, nose and eyes. Exposure to petcoke can also lead to inhalation toxicities. Hussein et al. The study [16] showed that up to 3 % of the petroleum coke used in producing anodes to melt aluminium could be replaced with biocoke without any significant degradation of anode characteristics.
Gasification involves converting solid carbonaceous fuel or chemical feedstocks into synthesisgas (a mixture of methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide that is easily combustible). This gas can then be utilized for the production of electricity and chemicals. Gasification reduces air pollution by using less oxygen.
Gasification was first introduced in Scotland, around 1790. Syngas (or town gas) was produced from coal and piped throughout the city for use as lighting and cooking. In the end, natural gas pipelines took over from town gas. Today's gasification process continues to turn lower-priced sources of energy into high-value ones.
Majority of calcined petrol coke is utilized by aluminum as anode grades. It contains a lot of carbon and is low in moisture. There are leachable materials like nickel and Vanadium. In the iron and metallurgical sector, it's also used as a slag foamer and for fighting dross. Rest of the material is used in power generation, cement, pyrolysis, and fuel cell applications.
A growing global need for energy led to the rapid expansion of the industry. The fossil fuel petroleum coke contributes substantially to energy production. The fossil fuel also provides a reliable alternative to other renewable energies.
Many rotary kilns use waste heat energy recover systems to convert the heat created by the combustion process of VM, fine coke particles, and the coke bed into steam. These systems can improve the profitability of a plant.
The biofuels can be used as an alternative to coal-tar pitches and calcined petroleum char. In the steel sector, they are used for their fixed carbon content and as agents that foam slag.
Use of these products may reduce impact on the environment by reducing GHGs and acidification. As an example, mixing 27 wt% Biocoke into calcined Coke to make aluminum smelting Anodes can reduce direct greenhouse gas emission (GHG), as well as slag acidification, by 54 & 27%.
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