A calcined petroleum coke specification is a set of standards for the material. It includes a range of physical properties. For example, it can be low in S and low in V. In some instances, it can have elevated levels of Ca. This is an example of a low S, low V calcined coke.
Needle coke is a solid substance derived from calcined petroleum. The fine structure of needle coke can be studied with the help of X-ray diffraction. This technique can reveal details such as the diffraction maximum and the crystallite size. Generally, needle coke has a fine structure, which increases with polystyrene content.
The needle coke process consists of two stages: the raw needle coke phase and the delayed coking phase. The first step involves decanting the heavy gasoil produced by the catalytic cracking process. After decanting, the needle coke material is coked with polystyrene in a certain concentration range. The resulting needle coke has the most developed string-base anisotropy. It has a microstructure point of at least 6.2, which corresponds to super-premium grade. The polystyrene content also determines the needle coke quality index.
Honeycomb coke is an intermediate form of petroleum coke, with ellipsoidal pores that exhibit lower thermal expansion and electrical conductivity than standard petroleum coke. It is the most commonly used form in the aluminum industry, where it is known as shot coke. Another form is needle coke, a solid black fragment that is predominantly produced from coal tar pitch. It has high relative structural order.
The Calcined Petroleum Coke Market is segmented by type, applications, and regions. The report covers competitive analysis, pricing analysis, and micro and macro market trend analysis. It provides a detailed overview of current market conditions and discusses the major drivers and challenges. The report also highlights regional and country-level analysis of the industry.
The global market for fuel grade petcoke is dominated by the Asian market, and is expected to continue to be so over the next few years. The region is characterized by high economic growth, expanding infrastructure, and large demands for power generation, which drive demand for this product.
Petcoke is comprised mainly of carbon, but it also contains impurities including residual hydrocarbons, elemental forms of sulfur, nitrogen, vanadium, and nickel. These impurities are trapped within the coke matrix. The physical properties of fuel grade petcoke are described in table 1.
The delayed coking process for calcined petroleum is a thermal process that uses high temperatures to fracture the heavy feedstock. This produces a variety of lighter products, including petroleum coke. Once the feedstock is converted, it flows into large drums where the solid coke settles. The lighter liquid/vapor is drawn off the drums with a fractionator. The drums are then cooled and opened to remove the solid coke.
Commercial units that manufacture premium coke typically employ high recycle ratios. Delayed coking units typically use lower recycle ratios. Lower recycle ratios result in low quality coke and higher concentrations of asphaltene in the reaction mixture.
Calcined petroleum coke (CPC) is a product derived from petroleum. It is a carbon-based fuel that can generate significant amounts of power at a low cost. The cost of processing CPC depends on the quality of the petroleum feedstock and the operational conditions of the manufacturing unit. The product has several uses and is a viable alternative to coal and natural gas in certain industries.
The global market for calcined petroleum coke is relatively tight. The Chinese market, however, is a bellwether for the rest of the world. This is due to a sharp rise in smelters' costs and a decrease in industrial output during the winter months. Despite these challenges, the price of CPC in the US Gulf is holding above its previous record high. At the time of writing, the 3pc sulphur CPC price was nearly $100/dmt higher than the previous high, which was set in May 2018.
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